RICHARD LINKLATER’S FILMS: DREAMING ABOUT TIME AND REALITY
1990: Slacker.
1993: Dazed and Confused.
1995: BeforeSunrise . .
1998: TheNewton Boys.
2001: Waking Life.
2001: Tape.
2003:School of Rock .
2004: Before Sunset.
2005: Bad News Bears.
2006: A Scanner Darkly.
2008: Me and Orson Welles.
1993: Dazed and Confused.
1995: Before
1998: The
2001: Waking Life.
2001: Tape.
2003:
2004: Before Sunset.
2005: Bad News Bears.
2006: A Scanner Darkly.
2008: Me and Orson Welles.
2011: Bernie.
2013: Before Midnight .
2014: Boyhood.
Rick Linklater is a fellow who likes to follow his own path, whether it leads him to the margins or into the mainstream. He’s hard to pin down. Various sources give his birthday as 1960 or ’61 or ’62, though all agree on
Though eschewing school, Linklater thrived in the intellectual ferment of the university town, and made it the subject of his first feature film, Slacker, a plotless succession of relentless talkers, dreamers, and nuts. The peripatetic philosophizing establishes one of the constants of his work, a celebration of idleness and ideation, clearing a space and a time to talk and to dream.
Nonetheless Linklater is no theorist, but a playful realist, focused on what he calls the “politics of everyday life.” His characters tend to talk big, but to live in the little details of their lives. His mission and method is simple: “What’s underrepresented in film is the real essence of life, the in-between space that gets glossed over.”
So he tends to be boldly speculative at the same time he is devoted to the earthy specificities of real life, which enables him to negotiate the divide between independent and commercial cinema, the handmade and the popularly accessible. Dazed and Confused has emerged as a classic teen stoner flick, but its real merit is in the precise depiction of the last day of high school in a
Though Linklater’s first mid-budget studio film, The Newton Boys -- a genial reversal of Bonnie and Clyde -- flopped, he clicked with the joyous School of Rock, and is back in theaters right now with a remake of Bad News Bears. Between his flop and his hit, he went back to basics and made two films originating on digital video that couldn’t have been more different. Tape is a three-character, one-room, real-time psychological chamber piece, while Waking Life is a sprawling, phantasmagoric exploration of dreaming, dazzlingly animated from a live-action original. (He returns to that technique in the forthcoming Philip K. Dick adaptation, A Scanner Darkly.)
Linklater’s masterpiece so far, his incomparable paean to the intimate joy of talking, worthy of an Eric Rohmer, is the pair of films, Before Sunrise and Before Sunset. Both center around days in the life of two characters, embodied by Ethan Hawke and Julie Delpy, first when they meet on a train in
As far as I’m concerned, Rick Linklater is the shining hope of American cinema today -- intellectual yet accessible, intimate yet socially conscious, personal yet popular, serious yet funny – in a phrase, artistic without being arty.
[The foregoing was written in 2005, in my round-up of the best directors under fifty. In 2014, Boyhood certainly seemed to confirm my hopes. Here are selected remarks from this blog, about Linklater's films in the interim.]
Waking
Life is
a dream of a
movie about dreaming, artfully animated from live-action digital video,
painterly in kaleidoscopic ways. In a
mind-expanding meditation on “oneironaut” theories espoused by Austin TX
savants, the dream-within-dream structure flows and doubles back in intriguing
and funny ways. Smart, gorgeous, a compendium of Linklater themes and
characters -- what’s not to like?
True
to his vegetarian beliefs, Linklater adapted Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser’s muck-raking
book about industrial food production, by interweaving anecdotes and wisps of
story -- bringing together the putrid realities of meat processing, illegal
Mexican immigrants who work the slaughterhouse, and disaffected American
teenagers who sling the burgers, along with assorted others either caught up
in, or greasing, the food machine. Made fast on a low budget, the film has a
certain drabness, dramatically and visually, that is compensated by the cogent
points made by a succession of characters in striking cameos from the likes of
Ethan Hawke, Kris Kristofferson, Bruce Willis. In the end the human victims
stand aside for the bovine, in documentary footage that is as salutary as it is
gut-churning. While its stomach may be flopping, this film has its heart and
its brain in the right place, making many salient connections amongst the
various liabilities of the way we eat here and now.
Disappointed by Me and Orson Welles, a rare
slip from one of my favorites, I wasn’t expecting all that much from
Linklater’s latest, but Bernie turns out to be a damn fine
film, with a down home feel that makes it very personal. In his
genre-breaking style, Linklater mixes true crime with East Texas small town
comedy, just as he mixes actors with real townspeople in a Greek chorus of
gossip. Jack Black
is a revelation as a funeral home assistant with a serious people-pleasing
demeanor, good at corpse presentation, eulogies and hymns, and comforting
widows. He’s the most liked man in town, until he falls in with the most
unliked woman, a crotchety rich old widow played by Shirley MacLaine. This film
manages to be both funny and thought-provoking without bustin’ a gut over it.
Before
Midnight is the latest installment of
Richard Linklater’s ongoing masterwork -- the “Before” series, which
collectively could be titled à la Proust, “In Search of Lost Time.” Made in
close collaboration with Ethan Hawke and Julie Delpy, as stars and co-writers,
the three films to date, made at nine-year intervals, are obsessed with the
passage of time, the interpenetration of past and future in the present, all
the modes of time travel. Each deals with one day in the life of a pair,
American writer and French social activist, as they reflect on the past and
imagine a future, as individuals and as a couple, trying to come to terms in and
with the present moment.
It
doesn’t hurt that while each film is inordinately focused on just two people
walking and talking, they do so in picturesque places – Vienna , Paris , and the Greek Islands . And the two
characters, whom we have watched age from their 20s to 30s to 40s, are
extraordinarily appealing, in all their complexity of confrontation and
evasion, showing the slippery side as well as the rough edges of each.
Permanence and mutability, connection and separation, fantasy and
disenchantment, all the vicissitudes of a relationship over time are explored
with wit and point.
Though
tightly scripted and rehearsed, and intimately intertwined with the characters’
prior incarnations, the endless back-and-forth seems spontaneous, even
improvised. And the three-headed creative process assures an even-handed,
fully-rounded treatment of both the boy and the girl, the woman and the
man. We come to know Jesse and Celine as they come to know each other,
for better and worse. They’re funny and sharp, and they each have their
reasons, and their unreasons. There’s no denying that sparks fly, but
will the fire burn itself out?
Linklater
contributes a deep sense of cinema history, setting the film in a great
tradition, explicitly alluding to Rossellini’s Voyage to Italy, but obviously indebted to Eric Rohmer’s
delicate tales of erotic negotiation, and Truffaut’s longitudinal study of
Jean-Pierre Léaud as Antoine Doinel over five films and twenty years, not to
mention Michael Apted’s monumental 7 Up series (now at 56 Up).
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